翻译《家庭教学课程》

Homeschool Curriculum

家庭教学课程

Find the Best Homeschooling Curriculum for Your Child

找到最适合你孩子的家庭教学课程

The homeschool curriculum market can be difficult to navigate. This knol contains all of the information you need to find the best homeschooling curriculum for your child at a great price.

家庭学校课程市场可能很难摸清。本条科诺包含了全部的信息，你可以用来找出最适合你孩子的家庭教学课程，而且价格还不错。

Contents

目录

• Determine Your Family's Needs and Goals
• 确定你家庭的需求和目标
• Understanding Learning Styles
• 理解学习方式
• Homeschooling Methods
• 家庭教学的方法
• Traditional Teaching Methods
• 传统教学方法
• Non-Traditional Teaching Methods
• 非传统教学方法
• Choosing a Homeschool Curriculum
• 选择一种家庭学校课程
• Affordable Homeschool Curriculum
• 负担得起的家庭学校课程
• Resources for Further Study
• 进一步研究相关资源
• Sources
• 来源

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As the homeschooling community continues to grow, so does the homeschool curriculum market. Choosing from the many homeschooling curriculum options that are available can be overwhelming to both new and experienced homeschoolers. Parents who begin by evaluating their family's lifestyle and goals, identifying their children's learning styles, choosing a homeschooling method, and carefully researching their options will find the best homeschool curriculum for their children.

由于家庭教学社区持续增长，因此家庭学校课程市场也在增长。从许多家庭教学课程中做出选择，可以累垮家庭教学新手和老鸟。家长从评估自己家庭的生活方式和目标开始，然后确定其子女的学习方式，选择一种家庭教学方法，仔细研究选择，这样才能找出最适合其子女的家庭学校课程。

Determine Your Family's Needs and Goals

确定你家庭的需求和目标

The first step to finding a great curriculum for your child is determining what your family needs. Begin by assessing your family's lifestyle in the following areas:

为你子女找到最好课程的第一步，就是确定你的家庭需要什么。首先从以下几个方面评估你家庭的生活方式：

Structure - How many children do you have? Are your children close in age? Do you have babies, toddlers and preschoolers who require a great deal of attention?

结构：你有多少孩子？孩子们是否年龄相仿？你有无需要极大关注的婴儿、幼儿、学前儿童？

Schedule - Does your spouse work traditional hours? Does your spouse travel for a living? Do you work in or outside of the home?

时间安排：你配偶工作时间是否正常？你配偶是否因为谋生而不断旅行？你是否在家里工作？

Personality - Do you like staying at home or do you prefer being out in the community? Do you like spontaneity or do you prefer to work from a plan?

个性：你喜欢呆在家里还是喜欢融入社区？你喜欢随性而为还是喜欢谋定后动？

Lifestyle - What happens in your home on a typical day? What challenges do you frequently encounter? What would your ideal day look like?

生活方式：在你家典型的一天有些什么事情？你经常遇到些什么样的挑战？你理想中的一天是什么样的？

Next, think about what you want your children to learn. What are your primary reasons for homeschooling? What do you want your children to know when they leave home? What goals do you have for your children in the areas of religion, character, life skills and academics?

接下来，想想你想要你孩子学什么。你实施家庭教学的首要理由是什么？当你的孩子离开家的时候，你希望你的孩子知道些什么？你在宗教、性格、生活技能和学术方面，为你的孩子定下了什么目标？

Rank these goals in order of importance. Then, realistically answer the following questions based on your family's needs and objectives:

按重要性将这些目标排序。然后，根据你家庭的需求和目标，据实回答以下问题：

• Do you want a structured or unstructured curriculum?
  你想要结构化的还是非结构化的课程？
• Do you want to actively teach your children or have them work independently?
  你是要主动教学你的孩子还是要让他们独立工作？
• Do you need a program that can teach multiple ages together?
  你需要一份可以同时教授多各年龄段的规划？
• How much time do you want to spend on formal lessons each day?
  你打算每天在正式课程上花费多少时间？
• What subjects do you want your child to study?
  你打算让你的孩子学习什么科目？
• Do you want to plan your own lessons or follow prepared lesson plans?
  你是打算自己规划课程还是打算使用已经准备好了的课程计划？
• Do you want a program that includes projects and activities?
  你是否需要一份包含项目和活动的计划？
• Will you want to keep records and grades?
  你是否打算保留记录和评分？

Understanding Learning Styles

了解学习方式

Every parent knows that no two children are alike. The third step to choosing the best homeschool curriculum is understanding your children.

所有家长都知道没有两个孩子是一样的。选择最好的家庭学校课程的第三步就是了解你孩子。

Children use three main learning modalities in order to receive, process and retain information. These modalities, or learning styles, are auditory, visual and kinesthetic (or tactile). By identifying your children's primary learning styles, you can choose a homeschooling curriculum that will meet your their needs.

孩子使用三种主要的学习模式，以接收、处理、保存信息。这些模式，或称学习方式，分别为听觉模式、视觉模式、动觉模式（触觉模式）。通过确定你孩子的主要学习方式，你可以选择能满足他们需求的家庭教学课程。

Auditory Learners听觉学习者

Auditory learners are children who always seem to be talking, singing or humming. They receive, process information by hearing and speaking aloud. They tend to enjoy music, story telling, audio books, and reading aloud. They are generally vocal and prefer working with a group instead of independent study. They process and memorize information through discussion and oral drill. The best homeschool curriculum for auditory learners will involve reading aloud or group interaction.

听觉学习者的孩子似乎总是在交谈、唱歌、哼哼。他们通过倾听和大声说话来接收、处理信息。他们倾向于喜欢音乐、讲故事、有声读物和大声阅读。他们普遍很大声，愿意在团体中工作而非独自研究。他们通过讨论和口头练习来处理并记住信息。对于听觉学习者，最好的家庭学校课程需要涉及大声阅读和团队互动。

Visual Learners视觉学习者

Visual learners tend to either favor print (reading and writing) or images (charts, maps and drawings). They receive, process and retain information through sight. Visual learners tend to be neat and organized. They are drawn to math, reading and art, and tend to enjoy visually stimulating activities like video games and television. Visual learners generally appreciate information that is presented in written or graphic format. These children may enjoy using a traditional workbook or computer based curriculum. Children who enjoy reading may thrive using a literature-based program.

视觉学习者倾向于喜欢印刷品（阅读和写作）或图像（图表、地图、绘画）。他们通过视觉接收、处理、保存信息。视觉学习者倾向于整洁而有组织。他们对数学、阅读和艺术感兴趣，往往享受视觉刺激活动如视频游戏和电视。视觉学习者一般喜欢以文字或图形方式呈现的信息。这些孩子可能会喜欢使用传统作业本或基于计算机的课程。享受阅读的孩子也会喜欢使用基于图书的方案。

Kinesthetic Learners动觉学习者

Kinesthetic (tactile) learners are always on the move. They receive, process and retain by moving and touching. These children enjoy hands on assignments and physical activity. Because movement enhances their ability to learn, kinesthetic learners may need to rock, walk, sit on a bouncy ball or find other ways to move while listening. The best homeschooling curriculum for a kinesthetic learner will involve projects and experiments.

动觉（触觉）学习者总是在动。他们通过运动和触碰来接收、处理、保存信息。这些孩子享受动手任务和体育活动。因为运动增强了他们的学习能力，动觉学习者在倾听时可能会摇摆、走动、坐在弹力球上，或者找出其他运动途径。对于动觉学习者，最好的家庭教学课程需要涉及项目和体验。

Determining Your Child's Learning Style

确定你孩子的学习方式

Observe your child closely in order to determine his or her learning style. Ask your child how he or she prefers to learn. Refer to the following chart for assistance:

密切观察你的孩子，以便确定它的学习风格。询问你的孩子他喜欢怎么学习。请参考下表：

	Auditory	Visual	Kinesthetic
How does your child express emotion?	Tone of Voice	Facial Expression	Gestures and Body Language
What type of hobbies does your child enjoy?	Involve Speech or Sound	Involve Print or Images	Involve Touch or Movement
When does your child do when encountering something unfamiliar?	Ask Questions	Examines Visually	Examines Physically
How does your child behave in group settings?	Engages in Conversation	Watches before Participating	Encourages Movement
How does your child solve problems?	Talks it Through	Uses Visual Clues	Uses Physical Clues

.

	听觉	视觉	动觉
你的孩子如何表达感情？	语气	表情	手势和肢体语言
你孩子的爱好是什么类型的？	涉及语言和声音	涉及文字和图像	涉及触碰和运动
当你孩子遇到不熟悉的事情，会怎么做？	问问题	仔细查看	身体接触
你孩子在团体环境中表现如何？	参与交谈	参与之前先观看	积极运动
你孩子如何解决问题？	通过谈论	使用视觉线索	使用物理线索

If you have more than one child, your children will likely have different learning styles. You do not need to purchase a separate program for every child in your home. Make small changes to tailor your curriculum to meet different learning styles. For instance, discuss directions with an auditory learner, let your visual learner see the directions in print, and have your kinesthetic learner point to the directions as you read them.

如果你有不止一个孩子，你的孩子们有可能有不同的学习方式。你并不需要为每个孩子单独购买一套方案。通过小的改变，调整你的课程，迎合不同的学习方式。例如，与听觉学习者讨论说明书，让视觉学习者阅读印刷的说明书，让你的动觉学习者指出你所阅读的说明书。

Here are some other ways to adjust your chosen program to suit your child's learning style.

这里还有其他一些方法来调整你所选择的方案，以满足你孩子的学习方式。

Homeschooling Methods

家庭教学方式

Homeschoolers aren't limited to sitting at a desk completing worksheets, although some children prefer this method of homeschooling. There are homeschooling methods to meet the needs of every child and family. Learning about various homeschooling philosophies will help you narrow your choices as you search for the right curriculum.

家庭教学者并不仅仅是坐在桌子前完成纸上工作，虽然有些孩子喜欢这种家庭教学方式。这里有些家庭教学方式可以满足各种孩子和家庭的需求。学习各种家庭教学理论可以帮助你在搜索正确课程时缩小你的选择。

Traditional Teaching Methods

传统教学方式

Textbook/Workbook – This homeschooling style is generally most comfortable for those of us who went to traditional schools. Textbook/workbook curricula generally come with structured lesson plans that tell parents exactly how to teach their children, and require very little time spent on planning and preparation.

教材、作业本：这种家庭教学方式对于我们当中上过传统学校的一般而言是最自在的。教材作业本式的课程通常带有结构化的课程计划，可以确切地告诉家长如何教育他们的子女，家长机会不用花时间去做计划和准备。

Classical Homeschooling – Children in classical homeschools are taught in three stages known as grammar, logic and rhetoric. Classical homeschooling emphasizes critical thinking and academic achievement. Children often study Latin and Greek, and read the great books of Western civilization.

古典家庭教学：在古典家庭学校，按照三个阶段教授孩子们，这三个阶段就是语法、逻辑、修辞。古典家庭教学强调批判性思维和学术成就。孩子们常常学习拉丁语和希腊语，阅读西方文化名著。

Thomas Jefferson Education – Homeschoolers who follow the Thomas Jefferson model want to raise children who will be leaders. They mentor their children in the reading of the classics, and provide a structured environment modeled after that which produced our nation's founding fathers.

托马斯·杰斐逊教育：遵循托马斯·杰斐逊教育模式的家庭教学者希望把孩子培养成领导者。他们指导孩子阅读经典，提供仿照培养国父的环境而设的结构化环境。

Computer Based Homeschooling – Online or computer-based homeschooling allows children to study independently via software or online academy. These programs require little teaching, planning or record keeping by parents.

基于计算机的家庭教学：在线或基于计算机的家庭教学使得孩子通过软件或在线学院开展独立研究。这些程序需要家长很少的教学、规划或记录保存。

Virtual Homeschooling – State-funded, public school programs are known as virtual schools or cyber schools. Certified public school teachers prepare lessons, instruct students and monitor the students progress. This style of homeschooling does not provide the freedom and flexibility of independent, private home education.

虚拟家庭教学：各州资助的公立学校方案是已知的虚拟学校或电子学校。由经过认证的公立学校教师备课、教学、监控学生进度。这种家庭教学方式并不为独立的私有的家庭教育提供自由和弹性。

Non-Traditional Teaching Methods

非传统教育方式

Unit Studies – Instead of dividing knowledge into distinct subjects, unit studies combine the study of history, science, math, reading, writing and language into the study of a single theme. With unit studies, children of multiple ages can often use the same program. This method often involves the use of hands-on projects.

单元研究：与将知识划分成不同科目不同，单元研究把历史、科学、数学、阅读、写作和语言融合进单一主题下的研究。在单元研究中，不同年龄段的孩子往往可以使用相同的方案。这一方法常常涉及手工项目的运用。

Charlotte Mason – Charlotte Mason homeschooling encourages the use of living books and nature study. Lessons are kept short to promote focus and good habits. Language arts and writing skills are taught through copy work, narration and dictation.

夏洛特·梅森：夏洛特·梅森式家庭教学教育，鼓励使用动画图书和自然研究。课程比较短，以促进注意力和良好习惯。通过临摹、叙述和听写教授语言艺术和写作技能。

Montessori Homeschooling – Montessori homeschoolers prepare a learning environment that engages the senses. Its emphasis on multi-age environment and participation in every day tasks occurs naturally in home schools. Montessori education is self-paced and self-directed. Parents serve as facilitators, not teachers.

蒙台梭利家庭教学：蒙台梭利家庭教学者准备的学习环境吸引感官注意。它强调多年龄环境，强调参与家庭学校中自然发生的每日任务。蒙台梭利教育是自定进度和自我导向的。家长是作为协助者而不是教师。

Waldorf Homeschooling – The homeschool method is based Rudolf Steiner's Waldorf education model. It encourages children to delve into fairytales, legends and the arts. Children in Waldorf schools are discouraged from viewing television and playing video games, and are not encouraged to learn to read until age eight.

华德福家庭教学：这种家庭教学方式基于鲁道夫·史代纳的华德福教育模式。它鼓励孩子深入童话、传说和艺术。华德福学校不鼓励孩子看电视、玩电子游戏，八岁之前不鼓励学习阅读。

Relaxed Homeschooling – Relaxed homeschoolers place family at the center of their home schools. They focus on building good character and raising fully functioning adults. Relaxed homeschoolers use books and curricula as needed in the course of teaching children the skills they need for successful living.

轻松家庭教学：轻松家庭教学者把家庭放置在家庭学校的中心。他们着眼于建立良好性格、培养全面发展的成人。轻松家庭教学者把书籍和课程当作教育孩子成功生活所需技能的必需品。

Unschooling – Unschoolers give their children the freedom to pursue knowledge according to their interests. They trust their children to learn everything they need to know in their own time. Unschooling is child-led. Parents facilitate learning by answering questions, supplying materials, and providing help, as needed.

非学校教育：非学校教育者给予他们孩子根据自己兴趣追求知识的自由。他们相信他们的孩子在他们自己的时间里，会学习他们需要知道的一切知识。非学校教育以孩子为导向。家长通过在需要的时候回答问题、提供材料、提供帮助来促进学习。

Eclectic Homeschooling – Eclectic homeschoolers do not limit themselves to a particular homeschooling style. They choose from the many homeschooling philosophies available based on their children's needs in a particular subject at any given time.

折衷主义家庭教学：折衷主义家庭教学者并不局限于某一特定家庭教学方式。他们根据他们孩子在特定时间对特定课题的需求，从诸多家庭教学理论中做出选择。

Choosing a Homeschool Curriculum

选择家庭教学课程

When looking for a homeschooling curriculum, read books by authors who share your education philosophy and consider their suggestions. Ask for recommendations from home educators in your support group or those you interact with in online homeschool forums.

在选择家庭教学课程的时候，阅读作者的书籍，了解他的教育理念并考虑他们的建议。从你的支持小组中的或者在线家庭学校论坛中与你互动的家庭教学者那里征求建议。

Cathy Duffy's 100 Top Picks for Homeschool Curriculum and Mary Pride's Big Book of Home Learning contain curriculum suggestions for every subject, as well as detailed product reviews.

杜嘉熙的《家庭教学课程一百例精选介绍》和赖玛丽的《家庭学习大全》包含有为各个主体推荐的课程，以及详细的产品评论。

When reading reviews and suggestions, remember they are just personal opinions. That new unit study your best friend loves may not be right for your children. A program that greatly benefits one family could be detrimental to another.

在阅读评论和建议时，记住这些都仅仅是个人意见。你朋友最喜欢的新的单元研究，可能并不适合你的孩子。给一个家庭带来极大好处的方案可能会伤害另一个家庭。

Home School Curriculum Fairs

家庭学校课程集会

If you want to view homeschool materials in person, attend a home school curriculum fair. These events provide exposure to a variety of products and give you an opportunity ask questions of company representatives.

如果你想亲自察看家庭学校材料，你可以出席家庭学校课程集会。这些活动公开展示各种产品，给你机会向公司代表提问题。

Before attending a vendor fair, do your homework. Make a list of your children's needs for each subject and which products you are considering. Write down any questions you may have. Make note of the lowest price available, and where the materials can be purchased for that price. Many vendors offer curriculum fair specials. Check their offers against the lowest price you find in order to make sure you're receiving a good deal.

在出席供应商集会之前，你需要做好功课。为每个课题列出你孩子的需求清单，列出你想考虑的产品清单。写下你能想到的所有问题。记下可接受的最低价格，以及在哪里可以用这个价位买到这些材料。许多供应商提供课程集会特惠价。核对他们的提供价找出最低价格，以确保你能拿到最多。

Buyer's Remorse

买家的自责

Once you have chosen and purchased a curriculum, you will inevitably hear about several new and better products that you should have purchased instead. Remind yourself that you chose your program for a reason. Use the program, make adjustments where necessary and give it a fair chance. If you've had time to get used to the curriculum and your family is still miserable, start looking for a replacement. Some curriculum publishers offer a money back guarantee.

一旦你选择并购买了一种课程，你不可避免的会听到几款新的更好的产品，都值得你去购买。提醒你自己，你选择一种方案总是有原因的。使用这套方案，在必要时作出调整，给它一个公平的机会。如果你花时间适应这套课程之后你的家庭仍然不愉快，可以去寻找一款替代品。某些课程出版商提供退款保证。

Affordable Homeschool Curriculum

负担得起的家庭学校课程

Parents can successfully educate their children without purchasing an expensive curriculum. Homeschoolers who are resourceful can take advantage of the following ways to lower their homeschooling costs:

家长不需要购买昂贵课程就可以成功教育他们的孩子。智慧的家庭教学者可以利用以下方法降低家庭教学开支：

Local Library

本地图书馆

Purchase an instructor's guide for your favorite literature based curriculum, and borrow the books from your local library. If your library doesn't carry all the books you need, request them through interlibrary loan or ask your librarian to purchase them.

为你喜欢的文学课程购买一份教师指导用书，从当地图书馆借出这些书籍。如果你的图书馆没有你需要的所有书籍，请求他们通过馆际互借，或者要求图书管理员购买。

The library is also a also a great source of free homeschooling activities. Many libraries offer chess clubs, story times, movie nights, writers' groups, book clubs, and research and computer classes.

图书馆也是免费家庭教学活动的重要来源。许多图书馆提供象棋俱乐部、故事时间、电影之夜、作家团体、图书俱乐部、研究与计算机班。

Discount Homeschool Books

打折的家庭教学书籍

Rainbow Resource, Christian Book Distributors and Homeschool Library Builder are online merchants who offer homeschool products at a discount. Barnes and Noble, Books a Million, and Borders bookstores offer educator's discounts to homeschoolers.

Rainbow Resource、 Christian Book Distributors、 Homeschool Library Builder 都是打折提供家庭教学产品的在线商家。Barnes and Noble、 Books a Million、 Borders 书店为家庭教学者提供教育者折扣。

Used Homeschool Books

二手家庭教学书籍

You can often find used materials from popular publishers for 50-80% of retail price. Half Price Books usually has good deals on used homeschool books in their children's and educator's sections. Homeschool Classifieds, Homeschooler's Curriculum Swap and This Little Piggy Stays Home are great places to purchase used books online.

你常常可以从流行出版商那里找到只要零售价五成到八成的二手资料。Half Price Books 在儿童区和教育者区常常有二手家庭教学书籍热卖。Homeschool Classifieds、 Homeschooler's Curriculum Swap、 This Little Piggy Stays Home 都是在线购买二手图书的好地方。

Free Resources

免费资源

The internet is a treasure trove of free homeschooling resources. You can find free educational games, lesson plans, worksheets, books, unit studies and audio books online. An Old Fashioned Education, Ambleside Online, Letter of the Week and Homeschool Share all offer free homeschooling programs online. Here are some other sources of free homeschooling curriculum and free homeschooling resources.

互联网是一个免费家庭教学资源宝库。你可以在网上找到免费的教育游戏、课程计划、工作表、书籍、单元研究和音频书籍。An Old Fashioned Education, Ambleside Online, Letter of the Week and Homeschool Share 都在线提供免费家庭教学方案。这里还有其他一些资源，包括免费家庭教学课程和免费家庭教学资源。

Homeschool Discounts

家庭教学折扣

Many merchants extend their teacher's discount programs to home educators. You can find homeschool discounts at Academic Superstore, Apple Computers, Dell Computers, Fedex Kinko's, Half Price Books, Hancock Fabrics, Joann Fabric and Craft Stores, Lakeshore Learning, Microsoft, Office Depot, Office Max and Staples.

许多商家将其教师折扣扩展到家庭教育者。你可以在 Academic Superstore, Apple Computers, Dell Computers, Fedex Kinko's, Half Price Books, Hancock Fabrics, Joann Fabric and Craft Stores, Lakeshore Learning, Microsoft, Office Depot, Office Max and Staples找到家庭教学折扣。

Some stores will require you to present a teacher's ID card in order to receive educator's discount. You can create a card on your home computer, or print one for free from the Homeschool Buyers Coop.

有些商店会要求你出示教师证，才为你提供教师折扣。你可以在家里计算机上制作一份，或者从 Homeschool Buyers Coop 免费打印一份。

Sell Used Curriculum

出售二手课程

Selling used curriculum is a great way to obtain money for homeschool resources and supplies. Keep your materials in good condition by having your child write on a seperate sheet of paper or covering sheets with page protectors and using dry erase markers. If you have access to an inexpensive copier, you can make copies of materials for your children if permitted by the publisher.

出售二手课程是为家庭教学资源和用品获取金钱的极好方式。保持材料状态良好，让你孩子写在其他纸上，或者覆盖一层纸保护着，用干的可擦写记号笔涂写。如果你能使用廉价复印机，你可以为你孩子复印材料，只要出版商允许的话。

If you are patient and persistent when locating, evaluating and purchasing materials for your home school, you will find the best homeschooling program for your child!

如果你在为家庭学校确定、评估和购买材料时有足够的耐心和持久力，你就能找到最适合你孩子的家庭教学方案。

Resources for Further Study

深入研究

A Charlotte Mason Education by Catherine Levison

A Thomas Jefferson Education by Oliver Van DeMille

Discover Your Child's Learning Style by Mariaemma Ms Willis and Victoria Ma Kindle Hodson

Educating the Wholehearted Child by Clay and Sally Clarkson

For the Children’s Sake by Susan Schaeffer Macaulay

Teaching Montessori in the Home: The Pre-School Years by Elizabeth Hainstock

Teaching Montessori in the Home: The School Years by Elizabeth Hainstock

Teaching the Trivium by Harvey and Laurie Bluedorn

The Way They Learn by Cyhthia Ulrich Tobias

The Well-Trained Mind by Jessie Wise and Susan Wise Bauer

Sources

来源

Homeschooling Methods – Detailed descriptions of each one of the most popular homeschooling methods, along with curriculum suggestions and references to sources of more information.

详细描述各种流行家庭教学方法，来源除了课程评价和参考还有更多信息。

Affordable Homeschooling – Tips for buying and selling homeschool curriculum, finding discount homeschool books, using free homeschooling resources and other ways to lower your homeschooling cost.

内含各种技巧提示，包括购买、出售家庭教学课程，寻找打折家庭教学书籍、使用免费家庭教学资源以及其他降低家庭教学开支的方法。

http://knol.google.com/k/homeschool-curriculum#view