翻译《在线授课的四个技巧》

4 Tips for Teaching a Course Online

在线授课的四个技巧

There are a lot of differences teaching online vs. face-to-face.  If you are new to implementing online modules or courses into your traditional classroom or are a fairly new online teacher or maybe you haven’t had much formal training in teaching online, here are 4 quick tips to help you with teaching online:

在线教学和面对面教学之间有着太多的不同。如果你才开始把在线模块或课程引入你的传统课堂，或者你是在线教学新手，又或许你没有足够在线教学的正规训练，这里有四条快速技巧，可以帮助你进行在线教学：

1.  Communication:

1. 通讯

So, do you want to try teaching without using your face, hands, or voice?  Sounds daunting doesn’t. When teaching online there aren’t any non-verbal communication devices….for the most part. Since much of online teaching is currently asynchronous, you have to consider that the student it unable to watch your facial expressions and body language when delivering content.  Also, your sense of humor may not transfer so things that are funny out-loud may sound like insults or demoralizing comments in digital text. You need to get very good at being super specific in emails (the main form of online communication), instant messaging and feedback. You want to show emotion through the use of emoticons and acronyms but be careful not to lose that teacher-student relationship by being overly friendly and informal.

那么，你想过尝试在教学的时候不露面，不用手，不用声音？听起来是不是有些吓人？在线教学的时候不会有语音通讯设备以外的设备，大多数情况如此。由于现在大多数在线教学都不是同步的，你必须考虑到，在你提供内容的时候，学生不能看到你的面部表情和身体语言。另外，可能无法传达你的幽默感，因此让人乐翻天的事情，通过数码文本表达出来，有可能听上去像是在侮辱人，或者让你感觉很挫败。你需要非常擅长于在电子邮件（在线通讯的主要形式）、实时消息和回复中阐明事情。你会想用表情符号和缩略语表达心情，但要小心，不要因为过于友好过于非正式而失去师生关系。

2. Course Development:

2. 课程开发

Developing courses online takes 1.5 to 4 times as long as developing a face-to-face course.  A large part of this is that you have to spend so much time researching curriculum for accuracy prior to publishing the material online. However, the main issue that adds to development time is your necessity for attention to detail.  You have to be ultra specific.  Think of publishing your online lesson and assessments as the first period of the day or the first time you teach a new lesson.  In face-to-face you get to do it 4 or 5 times to perfect it that day, but online when you put something up, it needs to be almost perfect (shooting for perfection) the first time.  You are building all your scaffolding into the lesson and laying out details to help eliminate student errors and misunderstanding when they are working from home.

开发在线课程的时间是开发面对面课程的一点五到四倍。其中很大程度上是因为你需要花费大量时间用在研究课程，在发表在线素材之前确保其准确性。然而，最大的问题是你必须为关注细节而增加开发时间。你必须非常具体。把发布你的在线课程和评估当作第一学期第一天上课，或者第一次教授新课程。在面对面课程中，一天你会重复四五次让课程完美起来，但是在线课程，一旦你放了东西上去，在第一时间就需要它几乎是完美的（力争完美）。你把所有辅助材料都放进课程，铺开所有细节，以帮助消除学生在家工作时产生的错误和误解。

3. Feedback:

3. 反馈

When working with a student face-to-face you can walk around, glance over their shoulder and make comments like “you might want to be more specific on that sentence” or “double check number 12, you still have some work to do.”  But when you are online, there are very little formative assessments. So, you might consider getting into the habit of treating all assignments as if they are formative. When a student turns in something, write all your feedback with the intention that a student is going to redo the missed questions.  Then make sure you set up your assessments so they can.

当你与学生面对面工作的时候，你可以四处走动，可以扫视学生，提出“这个句子你可以需要更准确一些”或者“仔细检查第十二题，你还没做完。”等意见。但是在你在线的时候，很少有形成性评估。因此，你需要考虑养成批改作业的时候把它们当成都已经做完了的。当学生提交作业的时候，在回复中写出你的意图，让学生重做没解决的问题，然后确保你设置了你的评估工作，这样他们就能完成任务。

4.  Engage without Handouts:

4. 扔掉讲义

Many teachers new to online teaching begin by trying to recreate what’s familiar.  A lot of people will try to scan in former handouts that they used, or record 20-30 minute lectures they have done for years (5 minutes tops for videos), or have straight textbook and quiz lessons.  Since you are online and all of your students have access to a computer, take advantage of the tremendous amount of resources and free Web 2.0 tools available on the Internet.  Use engaging material, stuff that you have wanted to use or heard of others doing but couldn’t quite implement before because there were so many roadblocks in a traditional class.

许多教师刚开始在线教学，试图重建他们所熟悉的东西。很多人都会试着扫描自己以前用过的讲义，或者录制二三十分钟重复很多年的讲演（视频五分钟足够了），或者直接使用课本和课程测试题。你一旦上线，你所有学生都可以访问计算机，利用海量资源和网上免费Web2.0工具的优势。运用你想使用的，或者听说别人在用自己以前不能完全实现的迷人素材，因为以前在传统课堂之中有太多的障碍。

http://thenextstep.edublogs.org/2010/09/20/4-tips-for-teaching-a-course-online/